Currently, wastewaters and wastes produced from general manufacturing processes are not effectively utilized, and most of wastes and wastewaters are treated by combustion, landfill, and land application, which cause several global issues (e.g. ground and water pollution, global warming, and depletion of natural resources). Until now, we have analyzed several microbial ecologies and functions in microbial wastewater treatment systems and agricultural systems. Using our core technologies, we are attempting to develop novel biotechnologies for sustainable recycling-based manufacturing process.