The advent of DNA sequencing technologies has greatly expanded our knowledge of microbial diversity and its significance. However, most microorganisms cannot be grown in the laboratory, even in this revolutionized sequencing era. We are trying to develop novel strategies to isolate rarely cultivated microorganisms to get an insight into this “microbial dark matter.” We are also focusing on unexplored, extreme environments, like deserts, hot springs, and polar habitats, to identify and study the novel microorganisms inhabiting them. We are probing the overlooked physiological and metabolic processes of these extremophiles, which may have the potential to aid the development of new concepts in biotechnology and innovative bioprocesses.